trypanosomiasis in cattle pdf

Trypanosomiasis was confirmed after microscopic detection of Trypanosoma evansi parasite in blood smears of the affected cattle.

Cattle, other livestock, horses ; Disease called nagana ; Primary agents T. congonense, T. vivax T.b. Trypanosomiasis. Animal trypanosomiasis occurs throughout the tropical regions of Africa and in large areas of Asia and South America. Animal trypanosomiasis, also known as nagana and nagana pest, or sleeping sickness, is a disease of vertebrates.The disease is caused by trypanosomes of several species in the genus Trypanosoma such as Trypanosoma brucei. Cattle breeds, like the N‟Dama and West African Shorthorn, have been in West Africa for centuries and have developed innate resistance to trypanosomes. Animals other than livestock, including dogs, can also be … African animal trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease that causes serious economic losses in livestock from anemia, loss of condition and effects on reproduction. Trypanosomiasis is almost exclusively a disease of tropical regions, with Trypanosoma cruzi causing Chagas disease in Latin America and Trypanosoma brucei causing human African trypanosomiasis, or ‘sleeping sickness’, in East and West Africa, leading to significant overlap with the HIV epidemic. African Trypanosomiasis • Also called Sleeping sickness (humans) • nagana, souma and surra (animals) • transmitted by infected tsetse flies in rural sub-Saharan Africa • caused by 2 different parasites: T. Acta Trop., 39: 307-316. trypanosomiasis (Chadenga, 1994), 10 million are located in tsetse infested areas, while the remainder are distributed in periphery of habitats (Hursey and Slingenbergh, 1995). It affects cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, camels, and man. Trypanosomiasis African trypanosomiasis West African Trypanosomiasis East African Trypanosomiasis American Trypanosomiasis Glossina (tsetse fly) Triatoma (winged bug) 11. African trypanosomiasis Clinical features. They serve as the reservoir of infection for domestic animals. Pegram, R.G. The slow-progressing form, caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, is found in Western and Central Africa.

It is estimated that the annual direct production losses from cattle alone ranges from about US$ 6,000 million to … brucei; 38 African trypanosomiasis Clinical features. An increase in CD5 B cells, responsible for most serum IgM and production of autoantibodies has been noted in infected cattle. Trypanosomiasis and Trypanotolerance in Cattle: A Role for Congopain? Trypanosomiasis or trypanosomosis is the name of several diseases in vertebrates caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma. & Scott, J.M.

Also, wild animals can be infected with the parasites; however, they seldom suffer from disease. The tsetse fly spends most of its time resting, with daily . In Improving the diagnosis and control of trypanosomiasis and other vector-borne diseases of African livestock using immunoassay ... A comparative evaluation of the parasitological techniques currently available for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis in cattle. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease that occurs in sub-Saharan Africa, within the distributional limits of the tsetse fly vector. However, these breeds have not been readily accepted because they are small in size and low in milk producing. 53,54. Macrophages play important roles in trypanosomiasis, in synergy with antibodies (phagocytosis) and by secreting various molecules (radicals, cytokines, prosta-glandins,...). cattle trypanosomiasis are either not curative (homidium bromide = Ethidium; pyrithidium bromide = Prothidium) (35) or are too toxic for camels (diminazene aceturate = Berenil) (7, 13, 21). Two forms of the disease exist. Trypanosoma vivax causes nagana mainly in West Africa, although it has spread to South America. 1976. Losses in cattle are especially prominent.

in trypanotolerant cattle. Epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis.pdf ... of cattle to decrease costs and increase effectiveness. [citation needed] In humans this includes African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease.A number of other diseases occur in other animals. They are infected by tsetse flies but do not show clinical disease. E. Authik A Trypanosoma congolense cysteine protease (congopain) elicits a high IgG response in ttypanotolerant but not in trypanosusceptible cattle during primary infections.

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