the yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude

2,3,17 Organisms can live at high altitude, either on land, in water, or while flying.Decreased oxygen availability and decreased temperature make life at such altitudes challenging, though many species have been successfully adapted via considerable physiological changes. Researchers referred that the study on high-altitude adaptation may help to improve current understanding, treatment, and prevention of altitude sickness and other hypoxia-related diseases in humans. Domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) provide meat and other necessities for Tibetans living at high altitude on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and in adjacent regions. The yak is a valuable species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Researchers referred that the study on high-altitude adaptation may help to improve current understanding, treatment, and prevention of altitude sickness and other hypoxia-related diseases in humans. Organisms can live at high altitude, either on land, in water, or while flying.Decreased oxygen availability and decreased temperature make life at such altitudes challenging, though many species have been successfully adapted via considerable physiological changes. The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude. 8, p. 946. Supplementary information for: The yak genome and adaptation to life at . The yak (Bos grunniens) is one of the world׳s most remarkable domestic animals and is regarded worldwide as an iconic symbol of Tibet and of high altitude (Qiu et al., 2012).The animal thrives mainly at high elevations in the cold mountainous areas of Qinghai-Tibetan, where it provides a livelihood for Tibetan nomads (Ding et al., 2012). Here, we performed the genome-wide selective sweep analysis to identify the candidate copy number variation (CNV) for the high-altitude adaptation of yaks. For adaptation to high-altitude environments, the yak has evolved special morphological and physiological mechanisms. Genome-wide comparisons between the yak and closely related cross-fertile taurine cattle (B. taurus) , which suffers from severe pulmonary hypertension when reared in the yak's natural habitat [3-5], can be used to study the processes of natural selection that drove leading to high-altitude adaptation . Fig.1 Qiu et al., The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude., Nature Genetics 44, 2012: Venn diagram showing unique and shared gene families between the yak, cattle, dog and human genoms. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to high-altitude environments remain largely unknown. 44, Issue. 2012) offered valuable opportunities for the identification of selection signatures for high‐altitude adaptation. Moreover, the yak genome provided a valuable resource for accelerating the genetic improvement of milk and meat production of this important animal. Introduction. Yak have many characteristics and attributes that must be regarded as adaptations to many factors: extreme cold; high altitude with low oxygen content of the air and high solar radiation; difficult, often treacherous terrain; and cyclical nutrition with short growing seasons for grazing herbage as well as a variety of herbage. 2,17, Tao Ma. Adaptation to Himalayan high altitude pasture sites by yaks and different types of hybrids of yaks with cattle. Thus, the first whole‐genome sequence (WGS) of a domestic yak (Bos grunniens) (Qiu et al. The yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired bovine that lives at high altitudes and is an important source of milk, meat, fiber and fuel. 4 THE YAK IN RELATION TO ITS ENVIRONMENT Overview.
Nature Genetics, Vol. One the Fig.1 unique and shared gene families from four different species (yak, cattle, human and dog) are shown. Qiang Qiu. The Yak genome database: an integrative database for studying yak biology and high-altitude adaption Quanjun Hu, Tao Ma, Kun Wang, Ting Xu, Jianquan Liu and Qiang Qiu* Abstract Background: The yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired bovine that lives at high altitudes and is an important source of milk, meat, fiber and fuel.

Among them, 25 DEGs were related to the HIF-1 pathway (25/62) and mainly belonged to the categories of DNA repair, angiogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, apoptosis/cell cycle, and heat generation .

Moreover, the yak genome provided a valuable resource for accelerating the genetic improvement of milk and meat production of this important animal. The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude Posted on September 21, 2012 by Marc Robinson-Rechavi The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is an important domesticated species for Tibetans.

1,17, Guojie Zhang.

Comparison between yak and the closely related low-altitude cattle (Bos taurus) is informative in studying animal adaptation to high altitude. 1,17, Wubin Qian. high-altitude. To infer the genetic basis of adaptation shared by high-altitude adaptation and hibernation, we identified 116 DEGs in selective sweep regions.

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